B1 is often called the threshold or intermediate level. You can deal with most everyday situations, describe experiences and give simple reasons or opinions.

How long does it take to move between levels?

It depends on the language, how much you practise and your starting point. Guidance hours vary, so treat any number as a rough guide.

Who created the CEFR?

The Council of Europe published it in 2001 and has since extended it. It is used well beyond Europe.

CEFR language levels explained: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2

The CEFR groups language ability into six levels: A1 and A2 (basic user), B1 and B2 (independent user), and C1 and C2 (proficient user). B1 is roughly where you can handle everyday situations and simple conversations, B2 where you can work and study in the language, and C1 and C2 near-fluent to mastery.

The six levels

A1 (Breakthrough): very basic phrases, introductions and simple questions.
A2 (Waystage): routine tasks and everyday topics such as shopping, family and work.
B1 (Threshold): most situations when travelling, simple connected text, opinions and plans.
B2 (Vantage): clear, detailed text and fluent interaction with native speakers without strain.
C1 (Effective operational proficiency): flexible, spontaneous use for social, academic and professional purposes.
C2 (Mastery): understands virtually everything and expresses finer shades of meaning.

Why it matters for learners

The scale gives you a common way to describe your level, set goals and choose exams or courses.

Why it matters for tutors

Knowing a learner’s level lets you pick material and pace lessons. A short placement conversation plus a few written tasks is a good start.

It is a guide, not a measure of everything

Skills can differ: a learner may be B2 at reading and A2 at speaking. Treat levels as a map, not a label.